Scoring models and where they break down, estimating value before anything has been built, factoring in effort and risk, deciding with incomplete information, and making the reasoning visible.

For readers whose prioritisation decisions are now challenged by people with more authority than they have.

You can defend a prioritisation decision to someone who outranks you, use a scoring model without hiding behind it, and decide without waiting for information that is not coming.

Comparing investments with different risk profiles, opportunity cost made explicit, second-order effects of a choice, deciding under political pressure, and revisiting a decision without appearing to waver.

Written for people deciding across competing portfolios, where each option has a credible advocate and a real cost.

You can weigh options whose risks are not comparable, state plainly what is being given up, and change a decision when circumstances change without losing authority.

Deciding when every option is poor, the biases that survive a good process, why groups decide worse than individuals in some conditions, and accounting for a decision that turned out wrong.

The most demanding level, dealing with decisions that cannot be made well, only made responsibly.

By the end of this level you can decide when no option is good and explain the reasoning afterwards, design a decision process that resists the usual biases, and account for an outcome without rewriting the history of the choice.